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ART IN REVIEW; Raqs Media Collective
By HOLLAND COTTER

New York Times, December 10, 2004, Friday

Bose Pacia
508 West 26th Street, Chelsea
Through Dec. 23

Some of more interesting art today isn't likely to end up in museums, because it doesn't act like art, at least as the market persists in defining the term. It isn't crateable and saleable. It isn't by the singular artist-artisan. It doesn't have a style or a ''look.'' Instead, it is often collaborative and multidisciplinary. Its beauty lies, as old-style Conceptualism's did, in information and ideas that are also metaphors, but also in a pleasure in technology that may be a generational development.

Raqs Media Collective, based in New Delhi, makes art like this. The collective's core members -- Jeebesh Bagchi, Monica Narula and Shuddhabrata Sengupta -- work simultaneously in several media, including photography, film, publishing and the Internet. Their projects involve collaborations with many other artists, as well as with contributors for whom the term artist is restrictive or irrelevant .

For Bose Pacia's traditional gallery space, Raqs has made work in traditional forms, in a New York solo debut that takes the instability of location as its theme. One photo-collage deals with the transitory condition of airport travelers; another with the shadowy figures of ''missing persons;'' yet another with an Anglophile Indian man who paid a visit to Europe only to be denied entry. The welcoming land of his expectations didn't exist.

While the individual pieces make sense on their own, they are most effective taken as parts of a conceptual whole. To get the full Raqs experience, though, it's necessary to check out their journal, ''Sarai,'' their Internet work and their public projects in India and elsewhere. The word raqs means dance, which is what these artists are doing as they dart among cultures and media, finding new partners and patterns as they go. And the word specifically refers to the whirling dance of the Sufi dervish, which no definition of dance that I know really encompasses.

Raqs Media Collective at Bose Pacia
P.C. Smith

Art in America

Based in Delhi, Raqs Media Collective was formed in 1991 by Jeebesh Bagchi, Monica Narula and Shuddhabrata Sengupta. They are co-founders of the Sarai Media Lab, which serves as their studio, hosts workshops and maintains www.sarai.net, an extensive Web site containing essays, discussion groups and interactive projects. Since 2001, the lab has published the Sarai Reader, an annual anthology that focuses on one theme per issue, such as the public domain. Raqs has been included in many international exhibitions, including the 50th Venice Biennale and Documenta 11. For their first New York exhibition, "The Imposter in the Waiting Room," the group used video, photography and texts to create an installation that explored the boundaries between public and private life, especially in situations related to immigration and travel.

The works at Bose Pacia countered vague "terrorist" fears with specific observations. One 5-by-6-foot piece combines text with color photos of airport terminals. The graphic elements are behind chicken-wire fencing and lit from the top by a glaring, naked fluorescent tube. The text narrates an encounter with a person who is trapped, living in an airport transit lounge without legal status for entry. On another wall, two 4-foot-square transparencies contain text and images from Indian newspapers and are backlit by multiple tubes that switch on and off in horizontal patterns. They are dominated by classified ads: missing person searches, compact disc replication, name-change announcements and other intimations of a world of phantom insubstantiality. Another work, this time on vellum, is covered with blueprints of roads and lots and hangs loosely in a box frame. The blueprints are interspersed with photographs of details of modern buildings, shipping containers and highways. The imagery suggests some kind of newly fabricated community (and perhaps a plot against it).

At the end of the gallery, a video projection showed a middle-aged South Asian man performing in front of a wall of shelves that holds neatly folded clothes, masks and a bowler hat. (In an accompanying catalogue text, Raqs identifies Magritte's man in a bowler hat with Fantomas, a popular character from an early-20th-century French crime novel series. They also relate the idealized, faceless symmetry of the man in the hat to the strictures of passport photos.) The man in the video changes in and out of the costumes around him, sometimes gesticulating militantly toward the viewer, sometimes looking fat and ridiculous in his underwear, sometimes climbing the shelves (as a route of escape?). His unending non-narrative activity becomes tiring, but effectively evokes the Kafkaesque frustrations that might face the immigrant.

The gallery's small back room contained only a framed facsimile of a letter written in 1837 by Ramohan Roy, a Europhile reformist. He protests the routine denial of his visa application to visit Paris. His quixotic, idealist appeal for justice contrasts sharply with the rest of the exhibition, in which justice does not seem to be expected.

Raqs's transformation of appropriated visual materials through framing and assemblage sometimes seems perfunctory. By contrast, their texts are highly wrought. In the end, Raqs's thoughtfully assembled themes across multiple mediums add up to a resonant installation.

COPYRIGHT 2005 Brant Publications, Inc.
COPYRIGHT 2005 Gale Group

Selected Extracts from Reviews and Articles

“A Meditation on Locality and Everyday Life at the Urban Margins, Cartography as Power and Communication as Resistance”
Global Art: of catastrophes, redemptive gestures, by Ranjit Hoskote, The Hindu, November 24, 2002
“Turning the Focus from Individual to Collective Art Production”

"...Consider, also, the inter-media installation produced by the New Delhi-based Raqs Media Collective: a meditation on locality and everyday life at the urban margin, cartography as power and communication as resistance, it attempts to breach the various walls separating the formal exhibition space from the public space of the street, natural-born citizen from migrant labourer, artist from technologist, developed world from developing world... Such art-works represent a dramatic prospect for the global art of the 21st Century: their logic and trajectory may be conditioned by the contexts of their origin, but they offer a vivid take on the globalised contemporary reality, not splenetic but optimistic. They bear a visceral relationship to the hopes and terrors of the subaltern and the marginalised everywhere - whether in those former Third-World sites of ethnic otherness, supposedly "mired in history" according to Fukuyamist mythology, or in the world's global metropolitan centres, which have woken up to the alien, immigrant and disempowered within themselves. Far from being peripheral elsewheres, regions like sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia will soon have to be acknowledged as dynamic centres, as situations from which artists of impressive energy and protean inventiveness have emerged, their redemptive gestures creating resolute, if small and temporary Utopias against the pervasive catastrophe of the present.

"...We need to consider works such as these within the context of a three way relation or what we might call a socio-technical-ethical assemblage"
Anna Munster, in a review of Location(n) in Travelling at the speed of life: world time and global politics in new media , paper presented at the Australian and New Zealand Art Association Conference, 2002 and posted on Fibreculture, 16 December 2002

It is important then to locate 'Location(n)' itself - not within the nation or even place 'India' nor as manifestation of as aesthetic that might be generalised through the    direction - 'Indian new media art' - as such. To do either would be to presume the operation of an aesthetics grounded only in a politics of identity, manifesting some essential quality or basis of otherness.  

Rather we need to consider works such as these within the context of a three way relation or what we might call a socio-technical-ethical assemblage that pays attention to first, the specific time zone relation the Indian IT economy holds to globally networked information flows.

Second, the asynchronous development of electronic cultures within India. These, Ravi Sundaram has argued, work via a model of recyclying, producing an alternative experience of   the now or modernity, outside of both national/state regulation and irreducible to western, global sensibilities such as postmodernism (Sundaram, 1999).  

Third, we need to consider the cultural work done by groups and organizations such as Raqs Media Collective and the Sarai New Media Initiative to produce an alternatively positioned public domain through the global deployment of new media technologies against standardisation - such as the standardisation of time. This three way relation at once situates the new media art work coming out of Dehli... and catapults it onto the global arena, making time-ontological, durational, historical times - the arena of conflict and contestation.

While I am not claiming that work such as 'Location(n)'... (carries) the weight and force of political transformation, I do want to suggest that their differential interventions into the speeds of electronic life provide us with a resource for what Appardurai has called: 'self-imagining as an everyday social project' (Appadurai, 1997: 4).

"Turning the Focus from Individual to Collective Art Production"
Diatribe or Art? An Overview of Documenta 11 by Gayatri Sinha, The Hindu , September 1, 2002

...Among the Indian participants, the focus was essentially on displacement and territoriality. The Raqs Collective from Delhi, like other group participants from other parts of the world, turned the focus from individual to collective art production and issues. Raqs' installation invited responses to the multiple, frequently conflicting efforts to "control" city spaces in Delhi. It found an echo in David Goldblatt's photographs of areas of contested control in South Africa...

The CNN Documenta
Kim Levin , July 3 - 9, 2002 , The Village Voice
http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0227/levin.php

The vast show has more than its share of visual and conceptual excellence, including Feng Mengbo's shooting-gallery computer game, Mona Hatoum's electrified room installation, Jeff Wall's Ralph Ellison-inspired lightbulb-bedecked lightbox image, Alfredo Jaar's Lament of the Images (with three glowing texts about withheld images and a blindingly bright blank screen), and David Small's interactive virtual book. There are powerful works by the Atlas Group, among whose archival conceits is an inventory of car bombs (make, model, and color) exploded in Beirut during the Lebanese wars; by Raqs Media Collective, which delineates the dispossession of urban space in New Delhi; and by Multiplicity, whose ID: Journey Through a Solid Sea exposes the Italian cover-up of a shipwreck of immigrants.

"The Reality of One Space Carried by the Inequality of Another"
From a review of 'Geography and the Politics of Mobility' in Absolutearts.com on 17.1.2003

...In it's video and text installation A/S/L (Age/Sex/Location) Raqs Media Collective uses the example of Indian female tele workers to look at sex specific working conditions within the externalized online data industry. The working conditions of this new "digital proletariat" necessitate constantly switching between the online and offline world, between each cultural and economic situation. The reality of one space is carried by the inequality of another...

'Adaptations'
Apex Art, curated by Craig Buckley, reviewed by Holland Cotter, New York Times, January 30, 2004
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/30/arts/design/30GALL.html?pagewanted=3

Most of the contributions, though, are by artist collectives, which have an increasing presence internationally. The Stealth group (Ana Dzokic, Milica Topalovic, Marc Neelen and Ivan Kucina) charts the growth of new architectural structures that have spring up to accommodate black market trade in Belgrade, Serbia. Raqs Media Collective (Jeebesh Bagchi, Monica Narula and Shuddhabrata Sengupta), an important presence in Delhi, paper the city with stickers in which official commands and warnings found in public places are mixed with advertising phrases to suggest the political, social and economic dimensions of civic control.

"A Fine Solo Debut"
"Visions From Nigeria and India and a Van Searching for Utopia"
Holland Cotter, New York Times , December 25, 2005

A fine solo debut in New York...Raqs Media Collective (has) radically expanded the conventional definition of Indian Art...

"Icon- The most enticing exhibition at the Venice Biennale"
Peter Goddard, The Toronto Star , 06/24/2005

In Giudecca again, a sign reading "Icon" leads me to the exhibition of Indian contemporary art. It is, by far, the most enticing collection at the Biennale.


List of Reviews and Articles

New Media Culture in India: A Visit to Sarai, The New Media Initiative
Geert Lovink, Fine Art Forum Vol.16, Issue 12 December 2002
http://www.msstate.edu/Fineart_Online/Backissues/Vol_16/faf_v16_n12/reviews/lovink.html

Travelling at the speed of life: World Time and Global Politics in New Media
Anna Munster, posted on Fibreculture , 16 December 2002
http://www.fibreculture.org

Net Culture: Between the Fast Lane and the Slow
Nancy Adajania, Art India . Volume (7), No.1, 2002

Global Art: of Catastrophes, Redemptive gestures
Ranjit Hoskote, The Hindu , November 24, 2002
http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2002/11/24/stories/2002112400420100.htm

Diatribe or Art? An Overview of Documenta 11
Gayatri Sinha, The Hindu , September 1, 2002
http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2002/09/01/stories/2002090100340200.htm

Art in an International State of Emergency: The CNN Documentary
Kim Levin, The Village Voice , July 3 - 9, 2002
http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0227/levin.php

Emoting in a Cold Digital World
Paulo Rebêlo, in Wired News
http://www.wired.com/news/print/0,1294,54346,00.html

Indian viewing in Venice
Nitin Bhayana in Business Standard , New Delhi, June 15 2005
http://www.business-standard.com/commostorypage.phpleftnm=lmnu4&leftindx=4&lselect=10&chklogin=N&autono=191549

Towards New Horizons: Some New Vistas Await Indian Art in Venice
Gayatri Sinha in The Hindu , Friday, June 03, 2005
http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/06/03/stories/2005060301580300.htm

India Returns to the Venice Biennale
Art Asia Pacific , Summer 2005 Issue #45

The Collective Interrogators: Second innings for Raqs Media Collective at Venice Biennale
Divya Kaeley , Indian Express , August 25, 2005
http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=145691

Visions From Nigeria and India and a Van Searching for Utopia
Holland Cotter, New York Times , 25 December 2005
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/25/arts/design/25cott.html

New Media Art
Mark Tribe and Reena Jana, Taschen Basic Art Series , 2006

Anthology of Art
ed. Jochen Gerz, Article by Steve Dietz
http://www.yproductions.com/writing/archives/000746.html

Citizens - Artists Go Beyond Borders at the City Gallery
http://www.24hourmuseum.org.uk/leicester/news/ART27879.html

Designing a Museum Exhibition
Holly Willis, Los Angeles Weekly
http://www.laweekly.com/index.php?option=com_lawcontent&task=view&id=12386&Itemid=9

Raqs Media Collective at Bose Pacia
P.C. Smith, Art in America , May, 2005   
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1248/is_5_93/ai_n1371747

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